Computing-Aware Traffic Steering(CATS)                        T. Fu, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                             H. Zhang, Ed.
Updates:      China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
         2                                                  J. Wang, Ed.
         0                                                  China Mobile
         2                                              26 December 2024
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Expires: 29 June 2025


    Problem statements and requirements of Deterministic CATS on the
                          Industrial Internet
               draft-ftzhs-cats-industrial-requirement-01

Abstract

















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   The Industrial Internet is a new infrastructure, application mode and
   industrial ecology with the deep integration among the new
   information technology, communication technology and the industrial
   economy.Industrial production tasks are time-sensitive, which put
   forward high requirements on networks and applications, and need to
   meet the deterministic requirements in terms of delay, jitter,
   reliability, etc.  Industrial deterministic service refers to a
   closed loop composed of communication paths and control processes in
   which two or more applications participate.Industrial management
   platforms need to unify network forwarding and computing tasks for
   each deterministic service.  This draft illustrates use cases of
   traffic steering for deterministic service in terms of dynamic
   computing and networking resource status,together with the
   requirements and solutions for CATS(Computing-Aware Traffic
   Steering).

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 29 June 2025.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.





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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Backgroud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Problem Statement of Industrial CATS  . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Industrial production service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Deterministic Industrial Production Service . . . . . . .   4
     3.3.  Deterministic CATS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  Computing-Aware Industrial robots . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.2.  Computing-Aware vCloud terminial  . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.3.  Computing-Aware Multi-Application collaboration . . . . .   7
     4.4.  Industrial Digital Twins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.5.  Customized Production Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.1.  Requirements for Deterministic CATS Service . . . . . . .   9
     5.2.  Requirements for Deterministic Networks . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.3.  Requirements for Internal factory computing . . . . . . .  11
     5.4.  Requirements for External Factory Computing . . . . . . .  12
     5.5.  Requirements for Global Management  . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Appendix A.  Appendix 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13

1.  Introduction


1.1.  Backgroud

   TBA.

1.2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.





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2.  Definition of Terms

   TBA.

3.  Problem Statement of Industrial CATS


3.1.  Industrial production service

   In the Industrial Internet, the performance requirements of
   production processes are much higher than the Internet.  Therefore,
   the industrial network naturally needs the support of compute-aware
   traffic steering.  Application services are dynamically adapted to
   industrial scenarios, tasks, and resources.  The computation that
   devices participate in evolves from simple control logic to complex
   big data decision-making.  In the application layer of industrial
   Internet, deterministic service is the combination of network
   communication process and calculation process.  It refers to a closed
   loop formed by one or more application communication links and
   control links.  Industrial CATS needs to manipulate the all steps of
   the industrial production cycle from the service-initiating devices
   through remote devices with dependencies, such as edge computing or
   cloud services.  In this process, the forwarding and calculation of
   data must comply with the performance requirements of the service-
   initiating device, such as delay, jitter, reliability, packet loss
   rate, etc.  TBA.

3.2.  Deterministic Industrial Production Service

   In smart factories, there are mass production systems, edge
   computing, industrial clouds, remote communication relationships
   between various applications, and various services share network
   queues and computing resources.  In order to satisfy the requirements
   of time-sensitive industrial production services, it is necessary to
   realize the deterministic management of computing power and network
   resources based on CATS.  The concurrent processing of multiple
   services must ensure the strict requirements of delay, jitter,
   sequence, and reliability.  At present, it is feasible to use
   deterministic network and edge computing to ensure multi-service load
   with millisecond delay through clock synchronization and resource
   reservation.  By strengthening the bidirectional perception of
   computing power and network, all kinds of resources are uniformly
   adjusted, and the compromise between computing performance and
   network communication performance is achieved on various resource-
   competing devices.TBA.






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3.3.  Deterministic CATS

   Deterministic CATS is adjusting network forwarding configurations
   according to the computing requirements.  Taking the common visual
   detection scene in industry as an example, industrial robot arm and
   edge computing are interconnected by deterministic network, which
   involves the application of industrial robot-arm and image processing
   application of edge computing.  The robot arm periodically collects
   high-definition images of the parts or products being machined and
   sends the data to matched edge computing device.  Then, edge
   computing device feeds the results back to the industrial robot-arm
   after processing.  The traditional network can only control the
   round-trip transmission process.  If the edge side blocks the visual
   detection task due to multiple services, the processing delay of the
   industrial robot arm will increase.  In existing factories, one
   container or edge computing device is often configured for several
   tasks, resulting in a waste of entire plant resources.  Deterministic
   CATS manages both the communication process and the calculation
   process, accurately ensuring the indicators of the entire visual
   inspection process from the perspective of an industrial robot arm,
   and then splits the overall indicators into the indicators of each
   step of the calculation process and the communication process
   according to the strategy.  When multiple deterministic services run
   concurrently, this scheme can comprehensively schedule resources, do
   overall multi-objective optimization for multiple services, and
   appropriately adjust the communication cost and network cost ratio of
   each deterministic service.TBA.

4.  Use Cases


4.1.  Computing-Aware Industrial robots

   The automatic manufacturing of soft materials has always been a
   difficult problem in industrial digitization.  For the sake of
   unpredictable deformation of materials, it brings difficulties to the
   traditional equipments, unless it can recognize real-time states of
   the deformation for producets.  Furthermore, productlines need to
   accurately perform operations and correct the negative effects of the
   deformation.  The execution of complex assembly tasks in intelligent
   manufacturing requires the cooperation of multiple robots.  With the
   improvement of industrial intelligence, the industrial robot can
   replace the manual handling of soft materials.  In this case, the two
   robotic arms plan the operation simultaneously and can judge the
   status of the flexible material in real time.  During the whole
   folding operation, the offline part updates the neural network
   periodically to optimize the parameters of the model.  The online
   part periodly recognizes the image, and the robot arm will



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   continuously feed back the folding effect to the neural network, and
   judge whether to enter the next cycle on the basis of predicting the
   operation result and judging the folding effect.  The total time is
   mainly limited by the recognition accuracy and recognition delay.  If
   the computing power resources are enabled through edge computing, and
   the certainty of network edge communication, self-learning and image
   recognition is ensured through application-oriented deterministic
   control, the processing complexity, folding speed and accuracy of
   flexible objects can be further improved.  The new production line of
   flexible material processing can gradually replace the production
   line workers, and the intelligence level and cooperation level of the
   overall certainty are increased through the cloud business
   collaboration at the network edge.  With the continuous optimization
   of intelligent algorithms, the tightness of operations can be further
   enhanced to achieve progress from substitution to transcendence.

4.2.  Computing-Aware vCloud terminial

   Cloud services are control functions migrated from physical devices
   to Industril cloud, datacenter or edge, dramatically reducing
   production line costs.  Traditional networks do not have the
   capability of application-oriented certainty assurance, usually
   directly by the engineer to estimate the processing and calculation
   time, subtract the estimated time with the control cycle, and finally
   determine the network certainty requirements, and the calculation
   part of the certainty is actually inaccurate or overreserved
   estimates.  It will cause a waste of network or computing resources.
   The deterministic requirements of network cooperation are proposed to
   reflect the exact requirements from end to end at the application
   level, so as to realize the deterministic remote closed-loop control
   between control and execution.  Meet the application's high
   performance requirements such as communication delay, bandwidth, and
   cloud computing power.  Typical scenarios for cloud X services
   include on-site production line equipment control, robot control,
   automatic guided vehicle control, 5G PLC, etc.  It has the
   characteristics of multi-network integration, broadening the
   acquisition channel, industrial equipment reusability, and improving
   the robustness of production network.  PLC logic control has a fixed
   control cycle, assuming that the application needs to complete an IO
   data reading, processing and writing operations within a 10ms cycle.
   Motion control is a precision control business involving robots,
   servo motors and other equipment, which requires high deterministic
   capability of delay and jitter, with end-to-end delay to be
   controlled within 10ms and jitter less than 100us.  Machine vision
   quality inspection is an intelligent quality inspection service
   involving image processing and analysis.  It has high requirements
   for uplink bandwidth capability, and the network should provide
   uplink bandwidth greater than 80Mbps.  Power differential protection



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   is a key service related to the safety and stable operation of the
   power grid.  It has high requirements for delay and reliability.  The
   service delay requirement is less than 15ms, and the reliability
   reaches 5 9s (99.999%).

4.3.  Computing-Aware Multi-Application collaboration

   With the increasing degree of networking and digitalization of
   industrial enterprises, limited by the 1-3 layer network certainty,
   the combination of machine learning, big data and other technologies
   with the production line is mainly direct deployment and simple
   interconnection, and the role of advanced algorithms in resource
   optimization allocation in the life cycle of industrial production is
   still not fully reflected.  If the network with high certainty
   accuracy is equipped with IT services that try their best to deal
   with IT, it is not enough.  There is a risk that some links will time
   out, making it difficult to accurately guarantee the complex
   production tasks of multi-equipment collaboration.  Application
   oriented deterministic technology can solve this problem through
   multi-application collaborative deterministic global scheduling.
   Take the intelligent processing line in Figure 2 as an example.  The
   edge equipment carrying IT technology runs a large number of new
   algorithms and models, and introduces new computing resources into
   the workshop network architecture through edge cloud facilities.  In
   order to ensure the certainty of the entire production business, it
   is necessary to globally manage a series of applications and network
   transmission according to deterministic constraints to ensure that
   the overall service quality meets the needs of users.  The
   deterministic global scheduling of multi-application collaboration
   needs to support the information interconnection between various
   systems at the data application level of the whole network, and
   regulate the real-time and reliability capabilities of all devices,
   so as to strictly meet the deterministic requirements of various
   applications.  The certainty between applications actually includes
   logic, computing, network transmission and other links, and it is
   difficult to achieve the overall certainty guarantee by using only
   one level of certainty guarantee technology.  In the future, the
   certainty of the application layer should be arranged from the
   network, calculation, logic and other aspects to achieve the overall
   certainty of the overall high service quality assurance.  The
   certainty of multi-application collaboration can be comprehensively
   controlled for complex business, which is an important way to realize
   unmanned production line.  Automatic application association analysis
   helps you connect service planning and device configuration, saving
   the cost of service configuration and change.






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4.4.  Industrial Digital Twins

   Digital workshop is an information workshop designed and constructed
   by applying lean production, lean logistics, visual management,
   standardized management, green manufacturing and other advanced
   production control theories and methods.  The application of a
   deterministic digital twin on the end side provides a comprehensive
   understanding of the details of the production environment situation.
   The generation of massive data is often conducive to the realization
   of big data decisions, but different types of data are often
   distributed in several independent information systems or in
   different parts of the production process.  Through industrial
   Internet sensors and other data acquisition devices, valuable
   business data is continuously collected in different forms and on an
   unprecedented scale, and then uploaded to digital twin applications,
   and real-time graphical display and predictive analysis results can
   be effectively responded to emergency situations.  The digital twin
   business composed of several links needs to guarantee deterministic
   parameters at the application level to ensure accurate and reliable
   projection of the whole plant in the information space.  The utility
   of end-to-side data integration mainly comes from the massive
   application data collected, the diversity of application data and the
   accuracy of the collected data.  The traditional data integration
   generally uses the industrial Ethernet private network to collect
   information, and then converges and processes it to the upper data
   center through the controller.  The whole application to application
   link is the conversion of multiple system protocols and the
   interaction between multiple layers of applications.  Among them, the
   industrial system detection, control, implementation of high real-
   time, industrial production site data has a large volume, and has
   real-time demand, some scenes real-time requirements within 10ms.  At
   the same time, data collected from endpoints can introduce failure
   information, duplicate information, and other types of problems.  The
   certainty in traditional data integration scenarios is usually
   guaranteed by the network layer, but the certainty between
   applications actually includes multiple links such as sequential
   processing, computing, and network transmission, and it is difficult
   to rely on a single network level guarantee capability to support the
   application-to-application data integration requirements.

4.5.  Customized Production Lines

   The new model of Customers to Production Lines (C2PL) applies the new
   technology of artificial intelligence to the layout of factory
   production activities, and pulls customized orders and flexible
   production with intelligent large models as the core.  Support users
   to customize their favorite products on the official website, and
   freely play in terms of appearance, material, size, etc.  Users



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   complete the customization, ordering and payment of high-end products
   on the Internet side, and the joint business arrangement of IT system
   and OT system is completed by industrial management software.
   Automatic formation of a temporary overall certainty, disassembly
   into multiple processing links and execution.  C2PL realizes unmanned
   production line scheduling and can be widely applied to products with
   simple structure to improve user participation and demand collection
   efficiency.  The existing ChatGPT can support voice, link, picture
   and other forms of data.  After the system gives the effect diagram,
   the product form can be improved interactively.  In this scenario, AI
   connects IT and OT workflows, and application-oriented determinism
   requires global quality of service definition, control, monitoring
   and evaluation.  Support a variety of demand expression forms, voice,
   pictures, links and other needs can be understood by the system and
   present the sample effect; Through AI large model engine, order
   feature interpretation, deterministic production process creation,
   resource scheduling, etc.  Ensure the industrial Internet certainty
   under the condition of product diversification; The overall
   determinism is disassembled into a set of processing steps of IT
   design link and OT production link through AI large model engine.
   Implement OT infrastructure to provide unified defined manufacturing
   services to the control system.  After realizing standardized
   production links, application-oriented deterministic control can
   predict, adjust and monitor deterministic control results more
   accurately.  Allocate temporary resources in the factory resources to
   complete the production task to ensure that the processing process
   can be completed in real time.

5.  Requirements


5.1.  Requirements for Deterministic CATS Service

   a.  The industial system needs a specific controller to unify
   scheduling of network resources and computing resources for
   deterministic services; b.  It needs to establish independent network
   integration diagram for each deterministic service to accurately
   reflect "application-network" correlation; c.  The performance
   indicators of deterministic services need to be converged within
   expected boundaries, such as the overall service completion delay,
   overall jitter, bandwidth, packet loss rate, etc. d.  Industrial
   equipments, such as OT devices and IT devices, need information model
   to uniformly define the deterministic parameters of deterministic
   devices; e.  All deterministic devices need to support and enable
   deterministic application and network deterministic control
   protocols; f.  The deterministic management and control of
   deterministic computing tasks need to be supported, and the
   integrated scheduling policy of the computing network should be split



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   into the resource allocation of deterministic devices and delivered
   to the target devices through the deterministic southbound interface.
   g.  The industial system requires deterministic execution of
   computing tasks . After receiving the deterministic index parameters
   of the deterministic computing tasks being executed, the
   deterministic device ensures the execution speed and output result
   quality of the computing tasks by means of scheduling priority,
   elastic allocation of computing resources, isolation of computing
   units, etc. h.  The deterministic controller needs to support
   deterministic control of deterministic computing tasks, convert the
   integrated scheduling strategy of the computing network into resource
   allocation for deterministic devices, and issue it to the target
   device through southbound interfaces. i.  It is necessary for
   deterministic controller to support the deterministic execution of
   deterministic computing tasks.  After receiving the deterministic
   indicator parameters of the ongoing deterministic computing task,
   deterministic devices ensure the execution speed and output quality
   of the computing task through scheduling priorities, elastic
   allocation of computing resources, isolation of computing units, and
   other methods. j.  The service needs to provide users with
   synchronization functions between applications, support the
   coordination of time sequence between applications, and ensure
   consistency in the entire deterministic system for
   applications.k.TBA.

5.2.  Requirements for Deterministic Networks

   a.  In the case of data transmission with high throughput, it is
   required to implement multi-channel deterministic transmission
   through the deterministic transport layer protocol; b.  Network is
   required to support fast session establishment, connection migration
   (wireless network), elastic congestion control; c.  Network
   controller needs application-oriented subflow management; d.  It
   needs cross-layer configuration and consistency of key parameters
   such as clock, cycle, data unit and priority; e.  Deterministic
   networks need supporting cross-domain scheduling of data flows, which
   involves crossing networks at different levels and crossing boundary
   devices (devices that modify protocols such as gateways); f.  Network
   controller is required to achieve model-based predictability for
   cross-layer, large-scale and heterogeneous networking, etc.
   (Predictable function is useful for automated configuration)g.  The
   network needs to have time synchronization function.  On the one
   hand, it provides synchronization support for upper layer application
   services.  On the other hand, through the synchronization of network
   devices and terminals, it can support time slot scheduling of data
   traffic and improve the deterministic ability of network
   transmission. h.  In the transmission of high reliability services,
   the network needs to have the function of multi-path redundant



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   transmission, which can support the transmission of business data in
   multiple paths, to ensure that when the determinacy of one link is
   difficult to meet, other links can still meet the transmission
   requirements of the business. i.The network can provide deterministic
   transmission capabilities based on application business requirements,
   including latency, bandwidth, reliability, etc., to allocate network
   resources and scheduling strategies for different business traffic
   needs, achieving on-demand transmission guarantee. j.  TBA.

5.3.  Requirements for Internal factory computing

   a.  Computing resources imformation, such as basic information,
   computing information, load information, task list, etc. are required
   to upload actively after computing equipments are registered to CATS
   controller; b.  The computing equipment needs to regularly upload
   real-time information; c.  CATS controller needs to support
   calculation force and valuation function, used to evaluate the
   scheduling results of own resources; d.  CATS controller support
   billing and query of external computing resources; e.  CATS
   controller needs supporting precise isolation for multi-core
   hardware, and support the mapping of some certain computing units to
   a deterministic computing task; f.  Resource reservation for a
   deterministic computing task should be supported on computing
   devices; g.  CATS controller support elastic resource expansion and
   contraction of containers; h.  A deterministic information model for
   identifying deterministic services needs to be supported. i.
   Deterministic controller needs to support the cross domain
   interconnection of computing power and the long-distance lossless
   data transmission of computing power data. j.  Deterministic
   controller needs to support public network computing power perception
   and network active perception of computing power network application
   status; k.  Deterministic controller needs to support computing power
   management and operation: fine-grained data collection capability,
   hyper visual monitoring capability, automated operation and
   maintenance capability, and intelligent collaborative optimization;
   l.  Deterministic controller needs to support intelligent scheduling
   and optimization of computing resources: meet the QoS service
   guarantee requirements of applications, flexibly optimize networking
   and computing resource allocation strategies, and achieve
   deterministic computing resource supply for business; m.
   Deterministic controller needs to support trusted computing power
   trading services: trusted real-time dynamic computing power service
   supply and demand configuration, efficient and reliable data
   transmission, secure and reliable data protection, fair and equal
   distribution of benefits; n.TBA.






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5.4.  Requirements for External Factory Computing

   TBA.

5.5.  Requirements for Global Management

   a.  CATS controller support differentiated assurance and control
   methods for deterministic computing tasks; b.  CATS controller
   support deterministic service management of two-way sensing on the
   cloud side of the network; c.  CATS controller support controlled
   service migration and service change downtime; d.  All deterministic
   devices need to support deterministic northbound interfaces and
   deterministic southbound interfaces; e.  OPC-UA protocol should be
   adopted to transmit deterministic requirements, monitoring
   information, and deterministic configuration among application-
   oriented deterministic management and control systems, deterministic
   computing devices, and deterministic network devices.f.  CATS
   controller support the use of OPC-UA protocol to transmit
   deterministic requirements, monitoring information, and deterministic
   configurations between application-oriented deterministic control
   systems, deterministic computing devices, and deterministic network
   devices.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This memo includes no request to IANA.

7.  Security Considerations

   This document should not affect the security of the Internet.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [exampleRefMin]
              Surname, Initials., "Title", 2006.



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   [exampleRefOrg]
              Organization, "Title", 1984, <http://www.example.com/>.

Appendix A.  Appendix 1

   TBA.

Acknowledgements

   TBA.

Contributors

   Thanks to all of the contributors.

Authors' Addresses

   Fu Tao (editor)
   China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
   Huayuanbei No.52
   beijing
   beijing, 100191
   China
   Email: futao@caict.ac.cn


   Zhang Hengsheng (editor)
   China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
   Huayuanbei No.52
   beijing
   beijing, 100191
   China
   Email: zhanghengsheng@caict.ac.cn


   Wang Jing (editor)
   China Mobile
   beijing
   beijing, 100191
   China
   Email: wangjingjc@chinamobile.com










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